American History And The Colonization Of North America By...

Americans are taught one narrative of the colonization of North America; it is the European or white man’s version of events. Children all over the United States see pictures of Indians barely wearing clothes and wearing headdresses covered in feathers and larger than the very heads they sit on. Though, this narrative is not contained to inaccurate history books it is represented in books, movies even advertisements. Time and time again Indians are portrayed as savages who lack morals and are devoid of humanity. Recently author Daniel K. Richter has asked us to â€Å"Face East† to not only get a better understanding of American history but also to better understand the Indians and what happened to them.1 â€Å"Facing East† means to look at the same stories but from the perspective of the Native Americans. Perhaps, this is not as easy as it sounds as only Europeans had a system for writing down events; Indians told stories, one generation to the next and as the tribes were slowly eradicated they took the stories to the grave. There are, however, a small number of surviving Indians who were able to translate a few stories. When â€Å"Facing East† perhaps its best to start at the beginning, the first meetings between the Europeans and the Native Americans. There have been two very different narratives of the beginning of the relationship between the two. First, there is the account of the Pilgrims at Plymouth; they celebrated with the Indians who taught them how to survive. The

The Scientific Method A Brief History and Description

Introduction In basic terms, no single person can be credited for having developed the scientific method singlehandedly. In that regard, it can be noted that the scientific method has been refined and fine tuned over time by some of the greatest thinkers in history. In this text, I come up with a brief description of the method as well as its history. Further, I highlight the contributions made by a number of philosophers in the development of the scientific method. The Scientific Method: A Brief History and Description The scientific method according to Coon and Mitterer (2008) can be defined as a form of critical thinking based on careful collection of evidence, accurate description and measurement, precise definition, controlled observation, and repeatable results. The authors further note that this method ideally comprises of a number of steps or elements. In this case, the first step has got to do with making an observation closely followed by coming up with a concise definition of the problem. The next step according to Coon and Mitterer (2008) involves the suggestion of a hypothesis. This is followed by evidence gathering and presentation of findings or results. The authors give the last step in this case as theory building. It is however important to note that the steps associated with the scientific method do vary. In regard to the history of the scientific method, those considered to have played a critical role in the early development of the sameShow MoreRelatedHow to Apply Scientific Method to Human Resource1206 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Scientific Method Can Apply to Human Services This paper will offer explanation of how scientific research can be used in the Human Service field. 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Situational leadership theory free essay sample

In this report the approaches and methods of PricewaterhouseCoopers of keeping employees its main asset, are analysed and explained. PwC uses internal and external types of recruitment through different programmes, advertisements on its web-site, journals and so on. It uses its unique method of selection including online-application, assessment centres and tests, interviews. It is putting all effort on recruiting its employees by providing trainings, promotion, rewards and professional qualifications. PwC’s organisation culture is based on teams and uses range of team formation approaches as Tuckman’s theory and Belbin Team Roles. According to the Forbes magazine (2012), PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) achieved the fifth place in UK’s and America’s Largest Private companies’ rating with labour force of 180,529 employees in the industry of accountancy and business services. It was voted by students as the number one Graduate Employer in the Times Top Graduate Employers survey for the last six years, was given the highest rank out of the Big Four in The Sunday Times Best Big Companies to Work For UK survey, and also was named one of The Times Top 50 Employers for Women for the last three years (PwC Careers, 2013). The objective of this report is to analyse PwC organisation’s human resource management strategy and approach, and to apply theories into practise of real example of existing company with its own HRM plan. Chapter 1: Recruitment, Selection and Retention Procedures 1. 1 Recruitment Recruitment is the process of analysing the availability of vacancies and filling them with right combination of candidates (InterActive World Wide, 2013). Usually, the recruitment process covers stages as: identifying vacancies, internal or external recruiting decision, job analysis of job description and person specification (InterActive World Wide, 2013). . 1. 1 Types of Recruitment. Internal Recruitment at PwC When the job becomes available in PwC they use two types of recruitment methods: internal and external. They start with the internal recruitment method which according to Schermerhorn, (2010), looks for candidates within the organisation, PwC puts a job vacancy announcement at the staff rooms or cafeterias in order to be seen by employees who are interested in the vacancy, it uses its internal newsletter, intranet and Talent Management Strategy – employees interested in switching the job. External Recruitment at PwC Human Resources department uses external recruitment method, outside candidates’ search as states Schermerhorn, (2010), as a second step in recruiting process by posting the job vacancy in the PwC Careers website, also, it uses recruitment agencies, student recruitment programs, for instance with New Castle University, printed journals and electronic as ratemyplace. co. uk and so on (Lindsay, Wickson, Sidwell, 2013; PwC Careers, 2013). PwC uses the most cost-effective way of recruiting and selecting new candidates. . 1. 2 Job analysis Job analysis is a process of gathering and dissecting information about the capacity of the existing job; it is done to state a job description, which is a written assertion of the content of the job, and person specification, which is an analysis of a personality the employer searches for (InterActive World Wide, 2013). 1. 1. 2. 1 Example of Job Description at PwC, (PwC Careers, 2013) 1. 1. 2. 2 Example of Person Spec ification (Model), (PwC Careers, 2013) 1. 1. 2. 3 Example of Person Specification (Table), (PwC Careers, 2013) Skills Essential Desirable Written and Verbal communication skills Team working skills Knowledge of the systems for processing extensive payroll Knowledge of intricate payroll issues Organisational skills Certificate or Diploma in Payroll Management (IPPM/Payroll Alliance) Microsoft Excel skills Skills in supervising teams Skills in setting up new payrolls Customer service skills Experience 1. 2 Selection The following process that goes after recruitment is selection, which filtrates candidates to choose the most appropriate one (InterActive World Wide, 2013). . 2. 1 Selection Methods Job advertisement is where recruitment process ends and selection takes place. It is continued by methods of selecting, used whether isolated or combined, application or CVs, interviews, selection testing and assessment centres In PwC when it comes to selection process, PwC UK uses a variety of selection methods, which do not focus only on academic achievements and experience, for instance, they recruit studen ts with leadership skills and so on. For selection process PwC has several steps: Online form, Online assessments, First Interview, Assessment day, Final Interview, Offer, Pass checks (PwC, 2013). The whole process takes from four to six weeks, which is followed by checks of recent employment and education provided in application (PwC, 2013). 1. 2. 2 Legal, regulatory and ethical issues According to observation based on PwC Careers, (2013), web-site and PwC Recruitment, (2013), as well as PwC Selection, (2013), web-pages PwC meets all legal, regulatory and ethical requirements of UK government regulations. Also, as PwC is a global organisation you have wide international opportunities to move to another country or city, or use Early PwC International Challenge (PwC: Early PwC International Challenge, PwC Careers: International opportunities). Chapter 2: Build winning teams 2. 1 Team definition There are a lot of definitions of team; according to Belbin, (2012), a team is an accumulation of people, where each one plays its own role that is comprehended by the rest of members. However, Robbins, (2009), states that a team works through coincidence and cooperate effectively towards specific objectives. Types of Team There are so many types of teams, which PwC tries to use simultaneously, for instance, problem-solving teams, self-managed work teams, cross-functional teams and virtual teams. The most common types used in organisation are cross-functional teams and self-managed work teams. The first one is used the most at PwC, it involves managing employees from different departments and with common responsibilities in one team: an employee from Deals department could be managed to work with Assurance, Law and Tax departments towards one customer or project (Jackson, Shuler and Werner, 2008). . 2 Motivation 2. 2. 1 Meaning of motivation and Herzberg Motivation Theory Mitchell, (1982), defines motivation as the level to which a person desires and determines to engage in set identified behaviours. According to Kets de Vries, (2001), the most effective companies set values that determine the right conditions for high performance, and so does PwC UK. It always seeks a potential in its em ployees and a passion to drive motivation and get more efficiency from them. According to the Herzberg et al, (1959), motivating factors are promotion, sense of personal achievement, responsibility and recognition, where hygiene factors include salary, company policy and working conditions. PwC uses variety of reward and bonus approaches, for instance, according to Burchell and Robbin, (2010), spot bonuses to the national Chairman’s Award program, which rewards outstanding persons and teams for distinctive service provided to the clients. 2. 3 Building Winning Teams at PwC 2. 3. 1 Team formation theories and implementation PwC considers different team-building approaches which vary according to the department, specific objectives, and customer and so on. Two main methods of Belbin Team Roles, forming teams based on their characters: Plant, Co-ordinator (Belbin UK, 2012); and Tuckman’s team formation theory, which suggests five stages of team formation: Forming, the first stage where team-members get along together with the task; Storming, when places, way of achieving goal in team are argued; Norming, agreement; Performing, effective team operation; and Adjourning, the disbandment of team (Johnson, 2009). PwC UK uses different approaches, however their whole work is centralised over team working, because dealing with customers is an unexpected work, and so they build effective teams to avoid dissatisfaction of a client (PwC Careers: Our people). According to Robbins, (2009), implementation demonstrates a process including interested parties which training and supporting during specific period of time. 2. 3. 2 Conflict resolution Indisputably, each team and group work faces conflicts, however they can be either useful or frustrating. PwC as every global company tries to avoid frustrating conflicts, but burst useful ones, because they are not damaging the whole productivity, but suggest new ideas, involve critical thinking. The way PwC deals with non-effective conflict is simple; it provides its managers and team-leaders with all necessary trainings and seminars, for instance, â€Å"Conflict solutions†, â€Å"How to avoid conflicts† and so on (Weihrich and Cannice, 2010). 2. 4 Diversity at PwC PwC is one of the most diversified companies in the UK, because their value is that people is their greatest asset and also, it is one of the most internationally based organisations with employees in countries (PwC: Annual Report, 2013). According to Hankin, (2005), diversity is a condition of organisational culture with mix of people from different backgrounds, with different culture and traditions, languages, ages, professions and so on. And to make this entire global and large company to work, and work effectively it puts strong emphasis on the diversity. PwC uses three basics: diversity paradigms, its principles and training; by providing these trainings they make sure that diversity is managed effectively within teams, so they can perform to the best of their abilities as a team (Williams, Champion and Hall, 2011). PwC uses white men running diversity program along with Coca-Cola and Georgia Power (Williams, Champion and Hall, 2011). Moreover, PwC was rated as the most female friendly organisation by Diversity Works for London, (2008). Chapter 3: Leadership 3. 1 What is Leadership? Terms leader and manager A term â€Å"leader† does not have a particular definition, it is interpreted variously. According to McFarland (1969) leader is the one who makes things happen which are not happening otherways, however Schatz and Schatz (1986) state that leader is a person who influences people and results around him. Although, manager and leader are correlated, their meanings are different, where according to Rost, (1991), manager uses authority and leader – influence, for employee communication. 3. 1. 2 Theories and Styles of Leadership Cragan, Wright and Kasch, (2008), suggest that there are three types of leadership styles: autocratic, leader is authoritative; democratic leader is communicative; and laissez faire, total freedom for team-members. Furthermore, there are two most used theories of leadership: Trait theory of leadership and Behavioural theory (Fairholm and Fairholm, 2009). Trait theory suggests that character, social and personal features or traits, define successful leaders; whether Behavioural theory believes that a skill of leadership can be learned by anyone. Leadership Model at PwC Relying on observation it can be inferred that PwC uses Situational leadership model, which uses approaches of Directing, Coaching, Supporting and Delegating. PwC leader takes into consideration each member of team if he is an intern or expert, it encourages team-members to help each other and so on. However it is important to mention that no particular style is adopted by PwC it combines and changes according to situation. According to Dowling and Breitfelder, (2010), PwC is the best example of â€Å"in-depth† Global Leadership Development program. PwC uses diversity of which lasts from 2001 until now with Ulysses (Pless et al, 2011) PwC pays a lot of attention to developing leaders for its company. As it was mentioned above, it even sponsors such student organisations as AIESEC through developing potential employees-leaders directly from the university (AIESEC, 2012). There is no particular style adopted by PwC. It tries combining and changing them according to appropriate situation in order for employees and objectives to be motivated. Motivation theory with the style and the leadership model impact employee motivation of PwC. McClelland’s Needs Theory suggests that there are three basic needs of employees: Need for Achievement, Need for Affiliation and Need for Power. These needs can be related to Maslow’s Hierarchy, according to Pattanayak, (2005), Need for Achievement to Self-actualisation Need, Need for Power to Esteem Need and Need for Affiliation to Love Need. As PwC puts its employees as its main asset, it supports Democratic leadership style. PwC’s Democratic style is strongly related to Situational leadership model, as in autocratic and laissez faire environment it would not be effective. Together with style and model it can be inferred that all motivational needs of employees are fulfilled through PwC’s leadership model which involves employee engagement and empowerment. 3. 3 Employee empowerment at PwC Employee empowerment gives information and opportunity to employees for decision-making and working directly with the customers (Ginnodo, 1997). In other words, it is communication between employee and company. Communication is a process of exchanging information between people, which is a principal part of organisational culture; keep employee informed of organisation’s decisions and upcoming events is very important for employee’s condition in company, as it can either motivate or demotivate him. PwC is mainly working with customers that is why it tries to empower as much employees as possible because best knowledge of dealing with customers comes through experience. However, in order to be empowered, employee should have reliable background, achievements or some experience of working in PwC; because managers rely on them to limit the risks. Employee engagement at PwC According to Harter et al, (2002) and Towers Watson, (2008), employee engagement is concerned with involving employees, fulfilling their needs and building relationship between employees and organisation (Holbeche and Matthews, 2012). In other words, employee engagement is delegation, a realisation of outcomes via achievements of others, in other words managers strongly use it as giving tasks and some responsibilities to employees (Burns, 2002). Empowerment or communication, engagement or delegation are not only beneficial for employees, but also for PwC. For instance, they are good motivators, which raises efficiency, brings new and fresh ideas, sometimes they save money, because you don’t pay for extra-responsibilities, they help company to understand who can be a good leader or a manager so it is easier to decide who can be promoted, eventually they build team-based environment and strong organisational culture, where employees trust PwC and vice versa. However, there is the main disadvantage of taking risks, which can lead PwC to lose customers, damage the relationship between them which are paramount. Nevertheless, PwC always tries to use all of these tools, because it is a modern organisation, which main assets are customers and employees. Chapter 4: Performance management and individual assessment 4. 1 What is Performance Management? 4. 1. 1 Performance Management Process Performance management is interpreted variously, however Hendry et al, (2000), describe it more basically as it works for achieving organisational goals through strategic approach of developing individual and team performance. Figure 4. 1 Performance Management Process (Hendry et al, 2000). Performance Management Process involves several steps: Diagnosis personal improvement needs and activities can be presented through SWOT analysis or Skill Audit Evaluation Plan and set SMART goals for individual development Feedback Develop methods for improving those needs identified in a. Dealing with Feedback Identify appropriate method(s) of feedback to ensure quality performance. Improving Performance Develop and evaluate a performance monitoring plan by assessing relevant criteria against each of the deliverables a to d. According to Saks and Hoccoun, (2010), PwC provides a lot of trainings to its managers of performance management and training assessment . Individual assessment at PwC 4. 2. 1 SWOT analysis The first step which helps PwC carry observation is to gain data from individual Skill audits or SWOT analyses of employees. The position of evaluated person is an auditor in Assurance Department in PwC, London, UK. Opportunities Threats Opportunities available Living in London Get professional auditing qualifications Improve team-work skills Threats that could damage ambitions or career prospects Competency Fear of offending Visa problems Put strengths into opportunities Ambitious Put most effort into job Persistent (on my goals) Can achieve best feedback, show competitiveness and get positive references from colleagues Motivate other people Become an efficient manager Nothing can influence decision All long and short-term goals will be achieved Openness Can have great relationship both with directors and colleagues Confident with computer Is capable of doing all tasks with computer Threats which arise because of the personal areas of weakness identified? Competency Fear of offending Feels nervous and not so persistent with defending my opinion and point of view. Visa problems Is afraid of being refused of UK Visa . 2. 2 SMART Goals Each goal set by manager should be SMART: (S) – it particularizes the main aim of the goal (M) – measures appraisal of performance (A) – determines that goal is realistic (R) – determines the necessity of the goal (T) – detects the duration of goal completion 4. 2. 3 Methods for achieving needs Relying onto inferred SMART goals it is indicated th at this employee needs variety of training and development programs, as well as occasion one-to-one interviews. This is the standard PwC model of training which it follows relying onto identified skills and determined goals. This is one of their method of achieving needs (Figure 2). Figure 2 (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2012). According to Rasche and Kell, (2010), PwC pays a lot of attention to processes for performance and its evaluation, training and rewarding employees, prizing and improving diversity. There is also a Project Ulysess, which is used as a training employees to become leasers. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers, (2012), Narrative Report, PwC uses similar methods of evaluating its employees and board, usually it uses paper questionnaires and one-to-one interviews. Evaluation process is very important to PwC, because when it comes to team formation managers consider mix of skills, experience, knowledge and diversity of each employee (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2012). Also, line-managers usually set meetings inside each group or department where he highlights main observed weaknesses and strengths, which build the whole picture of the team, and also, the outcomes are shared and are used for the formation of development programmes. 4. 2. 4 Feedback methods PwC uses variety of types of feedback. All employees throughout the year receive spoken and inscribed feedback. And here is appropriate to use spoken as well as written feedback. It will be structured, include specific observations of the PwC behaviours, highlighting strengths and field for development. After that, in order to review this feedback an employee will meet with the coach or line-manager to classify the way of strength improvement and weaknesses betterment. 4. 3 Personal Development Plan (PDP) Personal Development Plan Objectives (original) Objectives (reset) Success Criteria Actions Implementation #1. Improve qualification statement through completing ICAEW professional qualification program Needs to finish professional program in two years Achieve good feedback from managers and team leaders Team participation and impact into customer service have to rise constantly after undertaken actions Being able to deal with more complex payrolls and financial audits Complete syllabus of 14 exams, and pass all of them Learn how to structure audits properly and make reports based on computer applications Achieve more than 50% for each examination taken Will finish qualification program and then work for a year, applying the knowledge in order to perform better and increase efficiency 2. Improve team working skills Needs to improve team-working skills in 2 years Be able to get along with people lightly and detect mutual interests very quickly Avoid arguments during the team work or solve them without aggress Divide capacity of work optimally between team members Buy a book and discover different methods how to communicate with people and work in a team Pass team-building and team-de velopment programs Learn about different types of characters, nationalities and ages of people Help organizing relationships within company and workplace Be able to work in team efficiently and profitably #3. Improve leadership skills Needs to improve skills in 3 years Being able to put forward valuable arguments Suggest possible and convenient solutions to challenges and consider everybody’s opinions Being able to build a team and encourage people to work hard Pass leadership program at PwC and out of the company Prepare a basic strategy how to build respect among workers Read books about biographies, stories of different leaders and famous people Take responsibility of some projects or group assignments Be able to lead teams, bring forward new ideas #4. Improve critical thinking skills Needs to improve skills in a year Being able to analyse situations and adopt to new circumstances very quickly Being able to undertake responsibility in difficult situation and solve it Being able to oversee different solutions and their consequences Being able to evaluate and criticize my own works and actions Take public speaking training, in order to be able to defence own attitudes and ideas Surf in the internet and take different tests about developing critical thinking Buy books with critical tests and tasks Read about people and their bad and good solutions of different situations at work, and what did it make in a result Fulfil the weakness of uncertain speaking and be able to structure responses properly Being able to solve problems quickly, think more diverse and making decisions with better critical observation 5. Conclusion Summing up all the theories, points and examples presented, it can be inferred that PwC has its own unique scheme of Strategic Human Resource Management processes as: recruitment, selection, retention, diversity development; its approaches in employees’ motivation, leadership, team-building and performance management. PwC tries to combine different training, development and management models at the same time, it pays a lot of attention to diversity of company and to ethical and legal regulations in support of disabled employees. It engages and empowers its employees, rewards them and provides as much training and effort to them as possible. That is why it is called the number one Graduate Employer in the Times Top Graduate Employers survey for the last six years.

Seven Years In Tibet Essays - Tibet, Lamas, English-language Films

Seven Years In Tibet It is a pleasure to report on the move Seven Years in Tibet. This film is about the transformation of an arrogant, self-absorbed bully by the name of Heinrich Harrer who becomes a compassionate and loving man. His change his brought about by the influence of the young Dalai Lama Buddhist religion. Throughout the coarse of the film, the Buddhist culture and beliefs are what change Harrer. The first half of the film is attributed to Harrer making his way to the town of Lasha in the country of Tibet. Upon arrival the Dalai Lama summonses Harrer. After several meetings, Harrer finds himself being drawn to the young Dalai Lama. Harrer becomes the boys tutor since the majority of the Tibetan people are uneducated. Harrer tells the young Dalai Lama about the western world while the boy teaches Harrer about being peaceful and not destroying living things. Harrer builds a movie house for the Dalai Lama so he can watch movies. The project turns interesting because Buddhist religion teaches the harming of no living creatures. When digging unearths worms, each worm must be placed in a safe place to spare their life. The Dalai Lama goes on to explain that one of those worms could be Harrers ancestor. Another aspect of Buddhist culture is their belief in peace. When Communist China wanted to take over Tibet, the Tibetan people wanted peace, not war. The Tibetan people did react with a fight, only to be slaughtered by the Chinese government. The Tibetan people backed down and allowed the Chinese government to take control over their nation to avoid a brutal war. Religion Essays

Composition Essay Sample on New Year Celebration

Composition Essay Sample on New Year Celebration The composition essay represents the area of writing work that requires to create a play, a novel, or a story based on personal experience. The field of work can also reveal the development of the writer in a particular sphere or address the needed issue through the pros and cons mode. The composition essay sample demonstrates the author’s ability to explain the perception regarding a specific topic systematically, show the variety of creative skills, and approach the tasks from the non-typical point. It also demonstrates proficiency in work with required sources and formats. The standard essay contains an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion. ‘The Pathetic New Year Is a Bliss’ Essay Sample Holidays represent the most stressful period in the lives of my relatives, colleagues, and friends. The choice of presents, places, time, and packages becomes extremely crucial, and can even outshine the event or celebration. Furthermore, the emotional component also becomes part of the problem. Such gatherings require everyone to remain in the same sector of psychological dynamics. Possible failure in this situation leads to the inevitable storm of questions, that can be too personal, and the unpleasant process of unwanted cheering up. Due to such facts, the level of stress grows to a critical point. Meantime, the best celebrations frequently can be a surprise: Valentine’s Day in pajamas with a close person and a declaration of love, or a surprise birthday party, that brings close people together and shows appreciation for the birthday celebrant. Although my personal experience of New Year’s celebrations always seems to connect with the parties, the evolution of its pe rception to the point of no celebratory dinner with friends and family leads to the best result of the last years. Childhood and Family My childhood was based on the romanticizing of the New Year. Famous pop-songs, films, TV programs, which are dedicated to the occasion, fuss around cooking and cleaning, careful choice of clothes, and all family around the table at midnight represent the details of our old celebrations. The close circle is obligatory. There is no place for any outsider or desire to leave for the other company. Due to such fact, the relatives and bonds become my first impressions of the celebration. All shows, which demonstrate friendly gatherings for the occasion, appear as distant and alien approaches to the tradition. They serve as fantasies of other people. I miss my grandparents and cousins as almost all year we are separated by distances and obligations. While the other kids whine about the celebration as they have to kiss a lot of uncles, aunts, clean their rooms, and be grateful for the unwanted gifts, I am enjoying every moment of these things. The first period of life regarding New Year brin gs the experience of love, closeness, and first memories about the most important aspects of life. However, the current phase is only the first step towards the realization of the holidays true meaning. The Fall of Santa’s Myth The following experience is the first hint of a crisis. One part of my family conflicts with the other for an extended period. Furthermore, I learn that the disappearance of the father during Santa’s visits is not a concatenation of circumstances. For some kids, the truth about his figure is nothing. Meanwhile, for me, the fact about Santa’s fantastic nature brings devastation. I am disappointed to learn that there is no Hobbiton. I become sad as parents reveal that there are no analogs of Hogwarts. The brother says that there are decades before any lightsaber will appear on the market. However, New Year after learning the truth about Santa is the most depressing memory of my childhood. Double that with the fact that we remain in the conflict with some of our relatives to understand my mood. During the last moments of that year, we all are not in the best place for the celebration. We do not stay long at the table. The dinner that day is quiet. We do not sing, share mem ories, or laugh. The current experience brings me closer to the discoveries of this New Year. Nevertheless, I still have miles to go. How Granny Makes Us a Family Again The next part is about the reconstruction of the broken bond between the families. However, the price for the restoration is too high. My granny dies due to a heart attack four days before New Year. We all turn into hollow ghosts, which cry, deny, beg the emptiness for forgiveness, and hug each other with shaking arms. Silence fills the place in the house. The lights and talks turn into whispers and sobs. There are no decorations, pop-songs, or presents. Even my little cousins do not ask anything about the gifts. The grandfather moves to our house as he is incapable of living at home, which treasures the memories of happiness. Eventually, we all find the powers to let everything go and start to laugh about the funny stories, in which granny is always young, energetic, and witty. After several years, we begin to celebrate the holiday as in the old times. Nonetheless, the youngest members of the family begin to grow up. We can all feel the tension, as teenagers are less interested in f amily gatherings. The period ends with adding another detail to the mosaic. The first loss, the reunion of the family, and teenage years change us. Rebel, Rebel The following part of my life in the context of the New Year is a pure rebellion. Our house turns into the place of war for my liberty. At the same time, my cousins also start listening to David Bowie’s songs, as the prototypes for their calls for freedom. It is the beginning of Woodstock in our heads. Each New Year during that period is an additional opportunity for the outrage, stupid actions, and bitterness of unwinnable dispute between children and their parents. The taste of freedom seems almost a fantasy. We do not understand the desire of the elder relatives to keep everything as it is. The teenagers see such hope as the display of selfishness. Moreover, we are confident that parents do not take us seriously. We will always remain toddlers in the diapers for them. We hate the songs, we detest the dishes, and we even begin to argue with each other. The war between everyone starts for us. At some point, the celebration in a previous manner becomes unbearable for everyone. Due to such fact, the parents stop their attempts and become the only carriers of the tradition. A new period begins. Freedom to Explore The friends among my neighbors, who have no parents at home during New Year, become the symbols of the next step in the context. While the part of the evening remains a tedious family gathering, the second part turns into the time for the new and exciting experiences. There are so many things that happen for the first time. The head frequently spins due to the richness of shifts. We all learn how to develop a bond beyond the family circle. Our attempts are clumsy and timid. I do not understand that I repeat a similar path, which is familiar to my parents. I concentrate on my own perception, experience, and emotions. I am not prepared to listen to the words of wisdom. The stubbornness and overconfidence of freedom make my head go round. I am drunk with everything. Due to such facts, the experience, emotions, and mistakes grow in numbers equally. At some point, I understand that there is a need for a stop. Nonetheless, my maximalism pushes me and makes me move even faster. The last Ne w Year in the period brings the understanding of the need to stop. Meantime, young blood still requires more events and people. Two Feet in the Different Galaxies The ending of the teenage years and college become the following point of the evolution. I am still partly and simultaneously in the fuzz of the parties and the coziness of the pajamas. I spend several hours during the day with my family. The meeting is warm, we do not argue anymore; my enjoyment from seeing the relatives slowly returns, and I am not very happy to leave the warmth of my home in return of the sticky tables, questionable drinks, attempts to find any free spot to sit, and a fake smile for the whole evening. I begin to understand that I am getting too old even for a more luxurious party. I do not enjoy spending a large part of the following day in bed due to the late return. Moreover, I am no longer thrilled with meeting some interesting strangers, who will attempt to kiss me at midnight. Hygiene is more valuable for me in such a case. Finally, the search for my drink in the glass jungle on the table is torture. The last drop becomes the weird guy and his two-hour tale a bout the lost pack of chips in the mall. The Mighty Crew At my final stage, I understand almost everything about a successful New Year. Several hours before the celebration represent the feast with relatives. I’ve been on a diet for a year as I want to remain fit. However, the menu contains all the forbidden delicacies, which speak to me in my dreams as during holidays I am fed up with the restrictions. After the warm celebration with family, the time of the closest friends comes. I take a cab and arrive at my friend’s flat. We know each other since elementary school. There are no strangers among us. We love each other for years. The group shares various experiences. Some of them are not pleasant. However, all episodes form us and bring closer. We laugh, almost do not drink, and talk over various dishes. The members of the group are happy to be with each other even without gifts. We think that the tradition will remain no matter what. Nonetheless, I forget the most important lesson, which enforces the experience with each sta ge in the context. Then, the next part of my journey regarding the New Year begins. The Power of a Cold Pizza Several couples break up, some relative families decide to celebrate abroad, numerous friends fly away with the same desire, and the uncertainty about my vision of perfect celebration blurs. The year is all about various events. The solitude seems an excellent idea. I buy the tickets, book a room, and pack my bags for a couple of days outside the familiar bubble. However, the cold in the last minute becomes the first sign of the upcoming hell near midnight. In several hours, the support department aids to return the money. The swimsuit is replaced by a blanket, cough syrup, and a cup of warm tea. The awful condition leads to a severe argument with parents. It is too late to change anything. Therefore, I end up alone, in bed, and with pizza. I look outside the window and hear the voices of people celebrating. The thought finally comes to my head. I can be alone, in a poor state, and without any exceptional attributes. I will love my closest people with the same power, I will understan d the problematic areas of life better, and I will not get hysterical. Such New Year brings up the best of me. New Year becomes more and more important for my life while its celebration moves toward high simplicity. Childhood, fables about Santa, quarrels between families, the death of grandmother, teenage riots, first experiences, understanding of the perfect celebration, close people around, and holiday with pizza become the points of my development and growth as the person. The custom evolves and shifts with me. Moreover, the approach to the holiday, which seems pathetic in romantic movies, turns to be a miracle. You are not alone if such day in the calendar does not contain large parties or people. The day is a day. In the morning, you will remain a beloved boyfriend, precious son, a close friend, and favorite colleague. Stopping and concentrating on personal achievements, areas for improvement, feelings, and silence is bliss for a modern person. We all should not waste it in favor of pop-culture and stereotypes about holidays. I hope that my personal experience will be useful for the rea ders and will save time. The present composition essay Sample covers the writer’s experience regarding the evolution of New Year’s celebration in the context of own environment and a fixed timeline. It engages all the elements that are crucial for the indicated type of academic work. The author utilizes various periods of life to demonstrate the complete development of the perception. Furthermore, the perspective enforces the central idea of an unconventional approach to the holiday as a perfect path to happiness and opportunities. The selection of the topic, writing according to the format instructions, and utilization of the personal experience aid to produce a perfect composition essay. We hope that the current sample reveals helpful tips on how to create a high-quality paper.

6 Steps to Solve Math Problems

6 Steps to Solve Math Problems The ability to solve math problems not only boosts ones abstract thinking, it is also a marketable skill in the workplace as many employers require that their employees have taken several math courses in college. Problem solving is a process of finding the solutions to difficult issues. Whether or not a student major in math, either at the college or university level, being able to solve math problems is very beneficial. The ability to solve math problems not only boosts ones abstract thinking, it is also a marketable skill in the workplace as many employers require that their employees have taken several math courses in college. THE ART OF EFFECTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING Though solving math problems seems awfully tedious in nature or even overly difficult to the novice, the practice is essentially solving a problem. And whenever a problem emerges, there is at least one solution to that problem. There is a multitude of ways to solve a math problem. It involves visualizing, approaching and solving math problems in a detailed set of instructions the student should refer to in the event a math problem seems insurmountable. These Are the Best Steps to Follow: STEP 1. Determine the kind of math the problem is calling for. Does this particular math problem call for multiplying fractions? Solving algebraic equations? Solving quadratic equations? Knowing where to start and what school of math is being incorporated is key in helping the student solve their problem. STEP 2. Review what has already been covered in the math course for which this particular assignment, or math problem, has been given. If it’s a specific formula, or set of formulas, that the problem calls for, more than likely the student can find the formula in the chapters or sections their professor has already covered over the course of the term or semester. Most academic institutions offer numerous resources for students struggling with math problems. STEP 3. Begin to solve the problem, apply knowledge and skills already learned in the course. Identify what the problem is calling for and read the directions, if they are present, very carefully. At times, the system of â€Å"guess and check† may help; in other cases, use objects and other such tools to model the problem – sometimes a visual illustration of the problem may serve the student best. Look for patterns, use logical reasoning, and work backward, if possible. STEP 4. Write down and show each step. Sometimes, by writing down their work, the student who may be a visual learner may best solve their problem – or this may overcome a set of obstacles standing in their way of solving the problem. This tactic allows the student to track and even double-check their approach to the problem as well as their mental process of getting the needed results. The student who is struggling with a math assignment must never attempt to solve the entire problem in their head. STEP 5. Verify that the answer is correct and makes sense to the student if they are in the future tested on solving such math problems.  Often in most textbooks, in math courses, especially, the answer is in the back of the book – that is if an assignment is taken directly from the textbook. STEP 6. The student must always remember that their professor’s job is to help them understand the math that the course calls for. So, the student should approach their professor in the event a math problem presents difficulties. Most academic institutions employ the student body’s most skilled math students as tutors for students whose strengths are not math-oriented. This kind of service is often incorporated in the student’s tuition, so they should certainly take advantage of it. PROBLEM SOLVING  SKILLS PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES If you are unable to cope with a math problem or have not been able to get a proper explanation of the material, send us your assignment instructions and attach relevant files. Our support staff will review your instructions and will recommend a writer with a suitable background, who will ensure that the paper is properly written and that your math problem is solved correctly. Just place an order and get your professionally written paper on time.

Data security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data security - Essay Example The given report will highlight some examples of what problems data loss may cause to a company, as well as outline the major reasons of the problem. In addition, in order for us to be able to manage the problem, the most effective ways of preventing data loss and increasing data security of an organization will be presented. The data loss issue may be related to any aspect of organizational performance – from making some sensitive information about company’s clients available to others, up to the rival’s getting some strategic and confident information about a competitor. These were just a few examples of what a data loss means. KPMG reports that 92 million people around the world have been affected by data loss incidents in 2008, and predicts the number to rise up to 190 million in 2009 (KPMG Europe LLP, 2009). The outcomes may be horrible, and range from company’s reputation being spoiled, to both corporate and individual financial losses. Regarding this matter Reto Gallati (2003: 294) outlines that loosing a reputation and a good name is one of the worst losses a company may suffer since a positive reputation is one of the most valued assets of an organization. Besides: However, nowadays an organization cannot function without digital devices. According to Tipton and Krause (2007: 1294), out of the companies that faced a serious data loss, ‘43 percent never reopen, 51 percent reopen but close within 2 years’. So, since we cannot avoid using electronic data storage devices, we must find the ways of coping with the risk of data loss. First of all, let’s take a look at the data loss incidents – they can be related to either software or hardware. Boston Computing Network (2009) reports that 42% of data loss cases in Europe take place due to hardware problems, such as power surge damage, and drive, controller or CPU failure. On the second place stand human errors (31%), such as accidental

Parts of Human Resources Align and Support the Organization Essay

Parts of Human Resources Align and Support the Organization - Essay Example It is also crucial that these strategies are mutually supportive and complement each other in it’s propose towards the organization. Thus efficient practices of human resource management involve efficient designing and application of HR policies in planning, recruitment, selection, compensation, performance appraisal and training and development too. The importance of these strategies also gets reflected through employee morale, motivation, as well as their efficiency and productivity in the organization. The project brings forth the present human resource conditions in a government contracting company which is primarily a manufacturing enterprise in the infrastructure and energy related sector. The organization manufactures a wide variety of components, namely, boilers, gas generators, gas and hydro turbines, transportation equipments, valves, transmitters etc. The organization incorporates a high quality human resource management culture which gets reflected through its vari ous HRM strategies and policies. ... ction, compensation and benefits, performance appraisals, job designing etc., such that they complement each other and work collectively towards the organization’s purpose and objectives. Based on the analysis the project recommends suitable solutions for the improvement of these strategies with regards to improving employee morale and participation in the organization, enhancing organizational efficiency, productivity and work life balance, and betterment of the culture and climate of the organization too. Parts of Human Resource Systems which support the organization Job Design issues Job designing is particularly done in the organization for meeting requirements of different positions in the organization. However, it is not considered an independent procedure. The importance of job designing is reflected through other human resource management aspects such employee motivation, employee attraction and retention. According to the views of Erven, a well designed job helps in a ccomplishing two important organizational goals. Firstly it helps to get the necessary job completed on time and in a competent manner. It also helps to motivate employees and provide them with challenges at the workplace (Erven, n.d., p.1). Besides serving the purpose of improving motivation and performance, job-design analysis begins by regarding a job from a wide perspective and rapidly moving towards identifying the particular activities required for doing the job. This is particularly done for the purpose of identifying any deficiencies and correcting them which has chances of affecting performance and motivation (Encarnacion, n.d.). An example of job design in the organization will help understand how it complements other HR aspects. Job design for the position of a mechanical engineer in

500 Word Essay Essay Example for Free

500 Word Essay Essay What a thing of beauty is the well-written 500-word essay. In some ways, it is the perfect length to express a certain level of knowledge about a particular subject. It is long enough to allow the writer to show familiarity, and possibly expertise, regarding her chosen topic. But it is not a length that requires copious amounts of research. When sufficiently motivated, one can manage to research, write, and revise such an essay in an hour or two, given enough practice. Given the fact that students will write dozens, if not hundreds, of essays in their high school and college careers, it can be advantageous to become familiar with the mechanics, tools, and resources associated with essay writing. The mechanics of a paper include such elements as accurate spelling, correct grammar, and proper formatting. The conscientious writer does not simply rely on spell check to make sure his paper does not contain misspellings. A thorough proofreading will catch mistakes that spell check misses. For instance, spell check might not know the difference between homophones such as â€Å"there,† â€Å"their,† and â€Å"they’re. † A careful review by the writer (or a friend) should catch these errors. Using correct grammar in all its forms – the parts of speech, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation – can ensure that brilliant writing is not overshadowed by careless or sloppy mechanics (Writing Mechanics). The â€Å"look† of the paper is important as well. High school teachers and college professors alike appreciate readable papers with a consistent appearance. This means using the Times New Roman font, size 12, and double-spacing the body of the essay. The title should also be a size 12 font, center justified, with the first word, the last word, and other important words all capitalized. The default margin settings of one inch at the top, bottom, left, and right, give the paper a professional look. While having a crisp, clean look is valuable, the substance of the paper is of the greatest importance. Supplementing one’s own personal knowledge with well-researched material is the key to a terrific essay. A 500-word essay is not going to require as much research as a six- or ten-page paper. The individual assignment and the topic will determine where to seek out information. But once the research is done, the bibliography (or Works Cited list) can be assembled quite easily using EasyBib (EasyBib). What used to be quite a laborious task – putting sources in the correct MLA format, then alphabetizing them all – is now a fairly automatic process using this handy website. Some students are intimidated when given a writing assignment. Hopefully, the hints given in this essay will make it easier for students to get started on their own essays. Becoming fairly automatic about formatting a paper prevents too much time from being wasted â€Å"reinventing the wheel. † Using viable, trustworthy websites and resources for research will help writers supplement their own knowledge. Knowing how to organize these resources into a coherent bibliography will cap off the paper quite nicely. Using these â€Å"tricks of the trade† should help students concentrate on the composition of their papers, and not obsess on the minutiae.

Moll Flanders :: Moll Flanders Essays

Moll Flanders is an excellent story about one woman's evolution from a poor economic status to a, later, mid-class caste in life. Moll Flanders used her meticulous cunning in order to survive in the 18th century. She started out with a tabula rasa, or clean slate, when she is born, but, eventually, she resorts to an immoral life in order to survive. When she learns that her husbands die very quickly, but give her money for having sex with them, she turns to a life of whoredom. This choice, however, was only done as an instinct to survive. In the 1800's, the legal system was not in a woman's favor. Women would not inherit anything when their husbands died. Which is why Moll Flanders had to resort to a life of crime after she no longer looked good enough to make a living as a whore. This all, eventually, led to her imprisonment and trip to America to live happily with her husband. Moll Flanders chose her life as a prostitute. She states on page 138: "Well, let her life have been the way it would then, it was certain that my life was very uneasy to me; for I liv'd, as I have said, but in the worst sort of whoredom, and as I cou'd expect no Good of it, so really no good issue came and all my seeming prosperity wore off and ended in misery and destruction;..." Whenever Moll would have kids she would sell them or give them away. Moll saw children as a biprouduct of having sex. The choice of going to whoredom, however, was only because she felt the need to survive. Most animals have this instinct to survive. Whenever she would marry a man he would pay her to have sex, but his life would be short. This caused her to have to find another person in order to have money to eat and a place to stay. This was because the legal system in the 18th century did not allow women to inherit anything when their spouses died. Therefore, Moll Flanders had to turn to a life of crime, at the age of forty-eight, when she could no longer earn a living having sex for money. The first time she steals something she feels guilty. She starts her career by stealing a watch from a small child, and she even contemplated killing him.

Hamlet and Play

Hamlet Essay The act of revenge never fails to accomplish Shakespeare’s goal of keeping the audience in their seats. Hamlet, William Shakespeare’s most well written play carries the theme of revenge or redemption throughout the play. Redemption is defined to be as the desire to undo an injury or a wrongdoing. Many characters felt that they needed to redeem themselves however in doing so, they ended up facing death. For some characters, revenge had sprouted from their urges to redeem themselves. Revenge is defined as the desire to repay an individual for their injury or wrongdoing.A famous American novelist, John Irving has mentioned in work The World According to Garp, that it is a life-redeeming work in which everybody dies. Hamlet, Shakespeare’s most unique play follows in-line with Irving’s idea which is seen through the actions of Hamlet, Laertes and Gertrude. Hamlet, the protagonist of the play was greatly affected by the death of his father, King Ham let who he sought for revenge throughout the play. During the beginning of the play, Hamlet was very distressed at the fact that his father had died. He was very troubled at the fact that his mother Gertrude had remarried Claudius so quickly.Hamlet felt that his mother had betrayed and abandoned his father for another man. After Hamlet’s altercation with the King Hamlet’s ghost, Hamlet raged in anger against Claudius for killing his father. Hamlet felt that he needed to redeem his father so he sought his path of revenge by planning on killing Claudius. Hamlet also tried to redeem himself with Ophelia. Hamlet has acted very rudely and crazy in front of Ophelia where he said, â€Å"Or, if thou wilt needs marry, marry a fool, for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them† (3. 1. 139-141). However, by the time Ophelia died, Hamlet poured his heart out saying that: Swounds, show me what thou'lt do. Woo’t weep? Woo’t fight? Woo’t fa st? Woo’t tear thyself? Woo’t drink up eisel, eat a crocodile? I’ll do ’t. Dost thou come here to whine, To outface me with leaping in her grave? Be buried quick with her? —and so will I. (5. 1. 252-258) Hamlet realizes how much he actually loved Ophelia and he shows that he will be willing to do anything to redeem himself for the way he acted towards Ophelia before. During the scene at the churchyard, Laertes and Hamlet get into an altercation in Ophelia’s grave however, Hamlet after feels â€Å"very sorry† for his actions towards Laertes (5. . 80). By the end of the play, Hamlet gives a formal apology to Laertes, which he accepts. This signifies that as the play progress and as Hamlet makes mistakes, he attempts redeem himself in the way he was acting crazy. Hamlet wanted to come back to his usual self but at the same time he still wanted seek his revenge against his father. By the end of the play, Claudius does die and Hamlet fulfi lls his goal of seeking redemption just before his death. Laertes is an explosive and hotheaded character who got angry when he found out from Claudius that it was Hamlet who killed his father, Polonius.Claudius plans out a devious plan for Laertes to kill Hamlet during fencing. Claudius shows his true character when he encourages Laertes to choose a sharp sword and to â€Å"[r]equite [Hamlet] for [his] father† (4. 7. 136). However, by the end of the play Laertes realizes that by going against Hamlet, he is doing a wrong thing. Even after betraying Hamlet, Laertes redeems himself by exposing that the king is at fault for events that took place. He finally asks for Hamlet’s forgiveness, which Hamlet accepts.This signifies that even though he fulfilled Claudius’ wishes of killing and betraying his friend Hamlet; he still redeemed himself by telling Hamlet the truth about Claudius. By the end of the play, Laertes faced death while he was seeking redemption. As per Hamlet, Gertrude was seen as a mother who had betrayed her previous husband, King Hamlet by marrying Claudius a few months after King Hamlet’s death. Gertrude did not take Hamlet’s feeling into consideration after remarrying with Claudius showing that Instead, she forces Hamlet to accept Claudius as his father, which shows that she only thinks about herself; she is selfish.Gertrude wasn’t hesitant in telling Claudius that it was Hamlet who killed Polonius. She was willing to betray her own son by further convincing Claudius that Hamlet was mad. By doing so, Claudius began planning on â€Å"sending [Hamlet] away†, which Gertrude agreed to (4. 3. 8). However, it seems that by the end of the play Gertrude has a realization this entire time it was Claudius who was really against her and not Hamlet. She dies by crying out â€Å"Oh, my dear Hamlet! † (5. 2. 305). It seems that Hamlet forgives her because instead of ignoring her death he was furious and h e wanted to know he had killed her.Gertrude redeems herself by the end of the play but unfortunately she was killed by the end of the play. Fortinbras, the son of Old Fortinbras had a goal of attaining all the lands that was lost against King Hamlet. He aims to redeem the death of his father and Norway’s honour by taking over Denmark. Even though Fortinbras was seeking redemption, he did not face the same consequences of death like many characters within Hamlet. Instead, by the end of the play Fortinbras â€Å"embrace[s] [his] fortune† by taking over Denmark even though may not have wished to take over Denmark in the way he did and that is with sadness over the many deaths.Fortinbras is a character whose life was surrounded by redemption did not end with death. William Shakespeare’s best play, Hamlet has one of the most disastrous tragedies in all of English literature. Throughout the play, a common theme of redemption ran through the play. Characters sought ven geance and redemption for their wrongdoings whereas many of them faced the consequences of death doing so. John Irving’s comment that it is in life-redeeming work that everybody dies in does hold true with Hamlet to an extent. Works Cited â€Å"Hamlet. † Enotes. com. Enotes. com, n. d. Web. 23 Sept. 2012. .

Life in the Iron Mills

. Life is Not Merely a Coincidence â€Å"Theatre of the Absurd† is designated for plays of absurdist fiction and refers to the avant-garde theatre of a loosely associated group of dramatists such as, Beckett, Ionesco, Pinter, and Albee who first emerged during and after World War 11. The plays express the belief that â€Å"in a godless universe human existence has no meaning or purpose and therefore all communication breaks down† (Britannica Online Encyclopedia). Logical construction and argument gives way to irrational and illogical speech and to its ultimate conclusion which is silence. Absurdist theatre is often called a reaction to realism, as instead of conforming to the concept of real life, absurdist sought to provide an unmistakably unreal experience. The absurd dramatist relates to existentialism and the philosophical approach in understanding human existence and experiences. Existentialism is based on the assumption that individuals are free and responsible for their own choices and actions. Hence, people are not victims of circumstances as there is the freedom of choice. In an absurdist play, time and settings are generally ambiguous, if they are even defined at all. The characters are not meant to mimic real people, but instead are often â€Å"metaphorical or archetypal† (Britannica Online Encyclopedia). Absurdism is a form of drama that emphasizes the absurdity of human existence by employing disjointed, repetitious, and meaningless dialogue, purposeless and confusing situations, and plots that lack realistic or logical development. The guiding principle of absurdism is to look at the world without any assumption of purpose and its usefulness is it exists without prejudices or specificity. As it is equally alien to everyone, Absurdism is meant to be accessible to everyone. One of the common misconceptions of theatre of the absurd plays is that nothing makes sense. On the contrary, the characters in absurdism tend to behave in a serious way, reacting realistically to the bizarre occurrences of their environment. The protagonists of Endgame by Samuel Beckett, The Zoo Story by Edward Albee, and Rhinoceros by Eugene Ionesco are all overwhelmed by the irrational nature of their respective environments and the general effect they share is a nightmare and dreamlike atmosphere that is their existence involving the forces of hope, truth, identity, reality, alienation, meaning, and human existence; all of which are forces they are struggling against. The idea of the Endgame is taken from the game of chess where the concept designates the last, and entirely predictable, stage of a game, the end. The play portrays a universe which is nearing its end. Hamm and Clov both are the protagonists in Beckett’s one-act play, Endgame. Hamm is the chess King, paralyzed and wheelchair bound, who moves only when he makes demand for Clov to service him â€Å"get me ready, I am going to bed† (391) or â€Å"I feel a little too far to the left / Now I feel a little too far to the right† (399). Clov is his submissive Knight who staggers around erratically submitting to Hamm’s every whim. Hamm controls everything and everyone while having absolutely no control over himself or his environment. Frustration and anger dictates his existence as he sees the end all humanity seem to be moving towards is both uncertain and elusive, and he is terrified. Hamm channels his anger at God by shouting â€Å"The bastard! He doesn’t exist! † (Levy 410). The forces of a meaningless existence, reality, and Armageddon are the forces Hamm and Clov struggles against. Both are starving for identity and a healthy relationship with others but it is an impossible feat. They want to preserve their own unique identity, but it is necessary for both to relate to the outside world and nature to develop a true identity. Hamm and Clov are confined in a depressing, stagnant, bare, and dismal vacuum of their environment located partially underground, and their relationship with nature is nonexistent as Beckett reveals â€Å"nature has forgotten us / There’s no more nature† Levy 393). Since both fail to develop an identity the result is a failure to establish a healthy mature relationship with each other. Outside all seems dead, barren, and nothing occurs as Hamm states â€Å"outside of here it’s death† (393). Inside, Hamm and Clov, his caretaker is passing the time mortifying each other and toying with fears and illusions of a possible change that will never occur. Clov indicates â€Å"I can’t be punished anymore† (390) when he reflects on his life with Hamm. In return Hamm declares that he is miserable, â€Å"can there be misery—loftier than mine? † (391). Hamm is attracted to whatever light there is in the gray world and constantly asks Clov to push him under the window so he can feel the light on his face. Light is used as a symbol of hope and life which expresses many of the nuances of Hamm’s personality. Hamm is cursed with darkness and he wants Clov to share the same miserable fate so he continuously antagonizes him. The antagonist is at times Hamm as well as the environment and death. The antagonist death will ultimately prevail and win the chess game. Clov and Hamm are in the â€Å"endgame† of their life and death lurks around the corner. Endgame is the term used to describe an ending in chess where the outcome is already known. The chess endgame parallels the final stages of life. Hamm and Clov will succumb to death regardless of how the game is played. They are stuck in a perpetual loop that never allows final closure. Hamm claims he wants to be â€Å"finished† (410), but admits that he hesitates to do so. He has no answers to the basic existential questions of why he is alive, why he has to die, and why is injustice in his miserable, suffering, and empty existence. Just as death cannot arrive to seal off life, neither can Hamm or Clove escape to close the book of one existence and open another. The Zoo Story by Edward Albee is more anchored in reality than most typical works in the genre of Theatre of the Absurd. The drama is a confrontation between middle-class America and the outcasts of society, Peter and Jerry. Albee presents the setting in a simple structure in New York’s Central Park consisting of two park benches. The play never changes, and the action unfolds in a linear manner, from beginning to end. There are three overriding themes in the short one-act play. They are absurdity versus reality, alienation and loneliness, and wealth and poverty. The protagonist is Peter, a complacent publishing executive of middle age and upper-middle income. He is a conventional family man with morals, mainstream social values, and financial stability. Peter is contending with forces of loneliness, hope, identity, and meaning in his life. Marriage, his cage, and life in general has not played out the way Peter anticipates as his household is female-dominated and he is forced to comply with the desires of his wife. He desires to be freed from the cage and the zoo of his life as Albee shows Who better than a nice married man with two daughters and†¦a dog? [Peter shakes his head] No? Two dogs. [Peter shakes his head again] Hm. No dogs? [Peter shakes his head sadly] Oh, that’s a shame. But you look like an animal man. CATS? [Peter nods his head, ruefully] Cats! But, that can’t be your idea. No, sir. Your wife and daughters? [Peter nods his head] Is there anything else I should know? (549) Jerry, the antagonist is an aggressive, dysfunctional, lonely, disheveled thirty something man in search of human interaction who also yearns to be released from his cage. Jerry is in a personal conflict with his sexuality and Peter is dealing with his emasculation. The distinctions being, Jerry is a social outcast who is free spirited and morally obligated. He is a free man in respect to Peter restrained life. Jerry is in a search of meaning and his struggle is to find his purpose in life. Without the purpose he seeks his life is meaningless and he chooses death to end it all. Peter is a template of American societal male and is a caged animal. Through the serious failed conversation and misrepresentation of the act of love, Jerry begins his life experiment to see if the middle class are animals after all. The lives of both Peter and Jerry is forever altered when they encounter each other on that faithful day and The Zoo Story highlights what happens when one character enters the life of another and rapidly changes it forever. Neither character prevailed in the drama with the violent conclusion of the psychological attack by retreat by Jerry when he tries to teach Peter the nature of human existence and relationships. Rhinoceros by Eugene Ionesco explores issues of chaos while arriving at a clear message about the chaos. Despite the wild themes and constant activity in the play, a structure and a plot does move forward. Ionesco challenges the point of life and rational nature of humans and forces humanity to challenge to understand ourselves and our actions. The protagonist is Berenger, an everyman who has strong moral character and individuality. The force he has to contend with is the decision to be an individualistic or conform because the masses have succumbed. He is not so different from everyone else in many respects, however, his strength of self and individualism is highlighted when he resists the call to conformity when he says â€Å"But they won’t get me / You won’t get me! † (Levy 469). Berenger chooses to be alone and to give rationality another try. The question becomes is he being true to himself or not? Is human condition one more of rationality or irrationality? To what degree should one resist the pull to conformity, and to what degree should one capitulate to the ways of the world? The antagonist is the ruling government and Nazism and the protagonist Tom prevailed by standing for what he believes even though at times he doubts his decision. Life is full of challenges faced on a daily basis. The many circumstances of life test the human existence, identity, hope, truth, and alienation among many other. Existentialism is based on the assumption that individuals are free and responsible for their own actions and choices. Humans are not victims of circumstances as the freedom of choice is a reality. One gets to make conscious choices when faced with challenges in life. The primary difference between the Theatre of the Absurd and existentialism is that while existentialism recommends a certain type of response to the apparent failure of the human condition, the works of Beckett, Ionesco, Pinter, and Albee makes points without providing any integrated human solution. If the nature of man is partly or mostly irrational, the Theatre of the Absurd expresses the absurdity of human life in a relatable fashion. Works Cited â€Å"Electronic Encyclopedia. † Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. , 2011 Web. 11 Nov. 2011 . Levy, Walter. Modern Drama: Selected Plays from 1879 to the Present. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999. Print.

buy custom A People’s History of the United States essay

buy custom A People’s History of the United States essay Question 1 I am an English Immigrant who came to Virginia as an indenture servant in 1649 at the age of 18. After our entire estate was seized by the Parliamentarian forces during the English Civil war, my father was forced to send me to this place for five years. My master is harsh and strict when it comes to work. He forces me and my fellow servants to work from dawn to dark without any food in our stomachs. My daily chores include; house service, gardening and milking, shearing sheep, building burns, taking care of children and occasionally helping out fellow servants in the fields. Anytime I make a petty mistake, my master always whips me severely. Life in this farm is miserable, because I do not have any cloth to put on my frail body, no food to put on my empty stomach and no place to rest my tired body at the end of the day. In my contract, it was stipulated that my master should help me get some education, education; award me with several animals and a piece of land after servitude. Therefore, I am assured of a bright future after serving my master for these five years. I will use this freedom package to better my life. For instant, I will cultivate my land and sale the proceeds to other residents. After establishing myself, I will marry the woman of my dreams and have a happy family of my own. My major future prospect is to become a successive land owner just like my hero Anthony Johnson. Question 2 European men signed indentures for different reasons. During the seventeenth century, Europe was full of poor men and women. Most of them were landless farmers and tenants, who had been driven away from their lands due to the introduction of sheep grazing, changes in agriculture, the English civil war. Others signed these indentures because their masters in England had no more use for people who used to labor on the transformed fields (Galenson, 2004). Add to this, freed prisoners as well soldiers who had been released from the navy or army were penniless. Some courts would ask criminals to choose between being executed and being deported to the colonies, and most of them woud choose the later. By signing an indenture, a poor European man or woman would be given a chance to immigrate to the New World of Honey and Milk. This was a big hurdle for these young men and women because crossing the Atlantic was not cheap. These men and women also signed the indenture because they were assured of a better life because of the awaiting jobs, food and shelter. The above discourse reveals that those who signed indentures did it willfully. Nevertheless, some historical forces also compelled these young men and women to sign indentures. For example, overpopulation and poverty compelled people to sign indentures. It is asserted that some colonies allowed Europe to offset their overpopulated towns and cities. Question 3 After many years of an iron-fist control of the colonies by Native Americans, the up-rise of poor whites, former indentured servants and slaves posed a major threat to the elites control. Led by 29 year-old Nathaniel Bacon, lower class citizens in Virginia rebelled against the elites control of Jamestown. This led to a conflict between the Indians and the poor whites and blacks (Zinn, 2010). The poor whites and poor blacks wanted to eliminate all elites, who comprised of Indians and supported by Governor William Berkeley. Bacon encouraged the poor to defend and take what was rightfully theirs (Public Broadcasting Service, nda, par, 1). The elites were opposed to the Governors policies that favored the elites at the expense of the poor. The non-land owners and Yeoman farmers were infuriated with the Indians because they stood in the way of their expansion. After capturing and killing several captives (enemies), the elites realized that their control was coming to an end. This rebellion exhibited that poor blacks and poor whites could come together and fight for a common cause. This elicited great fear among the elites because they realized that nothing could hinder the poor from coming together to fight them. As a result, this fear led to the adoption of racial slavery in the following years. To prevent such incidents from occurring in the future, the wealthy and thhe rich compelled the legislature to pass laws that would punish rebellious servants (Zinn, 2010). Question 4 The institution of African slavery in colonial America was characterized with the ownership of humans as pieces of movable property or chattels. As chattels, black slaves were compelled to slavery for life. One pragmatic reason as to why black slaves were treated as chattels is because of their skin color. Naturally, the whites considered Africans as being inferior in every aspect of life. Therefore, they had to show this in actions by treating them as property. Another pragmatic reason as to why slaves were being treated as property is because of the fact that the whites used money to acquire them. Pragmatically, anything bought is rightfully yours, therefore, one has a right of doing anything he or she wishes to that thing. Question 5 The Stono Rebellion, which started on 9 September 1739, is arguably the biggest slave uprising in colonial America. Although the real cause of this rebellion is not clear, historians attribute it to the tension between Spain and England (Davis, par, 1). As a result of the animosity between the two colonial powers, the Spanish government in Florida proclaimed that all slaves who found their way to St. Augustine would be given freedom and land. The though of being free and given land led many slaves in a killing spree that lasted for almost two days. Another issue that might have triggered this rebellion was the looming Security Act (Public Broadcasting Service, ndb, par 2). This Act allowed all white men to carry guns on Sunday while going to church in reaction to an impending insurrection. This act did not augur well with the blacks, thus a rebellion culminated. At the end of the rebellion, the Negro Act was quickly finalized and enacted. This act compelled the slaves to face the consequences of the revolt. The main aim of this act was to limit the privileges of the slaves. From that time on, slaves were not allowed to assemble in small groups, cultivate their own food, and learn to read, or even earn their own money. Buy custom A People’s History of the United States essay

Why Erlitou Is Known as the Bronze Age Capital of China

Why Erlitou Is Known as the Bronze Age Capital of China Erlitou is a very large Bronze Age site located in the Yilou basin of the Yellow River, about 10 kilometers southwest of Yanshi City in Henan Province of China. Erlitou has long been associated with the Xia or early Shang Dynasty but can be more neutrally known as the type site of the Erlitou culture. Erlitou was occupied between about 3500-1250 BCE. During its heyday (ca 1900-1600 BC) the city included an area of almost 300 hectares, with deposits in some places up to 4 meters deep. Palatial buildings, royal tombs, bronze foundries, paved roads, and rammed earth foundations attest to the complexity and importance of this early central place. The earliest occupations at Erlitou date to the Neolithic Yangshao culture [3500-3000 BCE], and Longshan culture [3000-2500 BCE] followed by a 600 year period of abandonment. The Erlitou settlement began about 1900 BCE. The city rose steadily in importance, becoming the primary center in the region by about 1800 BCE. During the Erligang period [1600-1250 BCE], the city decreased in importance and was abandoned. Erlitou Characteristics Erlitou has eight identified palaces,  large-scale buildings with elite architecture and artifacts, three of which have been fully excavated, the most recent in 2003. Excavations indicate that the city was planned with specialized buildings, a ceremonial area, attached workshops, and a central palatial complex enclosing two rammed-earth foundation palaces. Elite burials were placed within the courtyards of these palaces  accompanied by grave goods such as bronzes, jades, turquoise, and lacquer wares. Other tombs were discovered scattered throughout the site rather than in a cemetery precinct. Erlitou also had a planned grid of roads. An intact section of parallel wagon tracks, 1 meter wide and 5 meters long, is the earliest known evidence of a wagon in China. Other parts of the city contain the remains of smaller dwellings, craft workshops, pottery kilns, and tombs. Important craft areas include a bronze casting foundry and a turquoise workshop. Erlitou is known for its bronzes: the earliest bronze vessels cast in China were made in the foundries at Erlitou. The first bronze vessels were made expressly for the ritual consumption of wine, which was probably based on rice or wild grape. Is Erlitou Xia or Shang? Scholarly debate continues concerning whether Erlitou is best considered Xia or Shang Dynasty. In fact, Erlitou is central to the discussion concerning whether the Xia dynasty exists at all. The earliest known bronzes in China were cast in Erlitou and its complexity argues that it had a state level of organization. Xia is listed in Zhou dynasty records as being the first of the bronze age societies, but scholars are divided as to whether this culture existed as a separate entity from the earliest Shang or was a political fiction created by the Zhou dynasty leaders to cement their control. Erlitou was first discovered in 1959 and has been excavated for decades. Source: Allan, Sarah 2007 Erlitou and the Formation of Chinese Civilization: Toward a New Paradigm. The Journal of Asian Studies 66:461-496. Liu, Li, and Hong Xu 2007 Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archaeology. Antiquity 81:886–901. Yuan, Jing and Rowan Flad 2005 New zooarchaeological evidence for changes in Shang Dynasty animal sacrifice. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 24(3):252-270. Yang, Xiaoneng. 2004. Erlitou Site at Yanshi. Entry 43 in Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past. Yale University Press, New Haven.

Explain why Wells avoids calling his characters by their names Essay

Explain why Wells avoids calling his characters by their names - Essay Example Figuratively speaking, the author talks about social struggles. It has to be mentioned that these two types of races, Morlocks and Eloi, represent the social classes that would later dominate the Earth. Of course, the whole notion of social struggle is hidden behind the Darwinian feel og the two races. These races give the science fiction feel of the book. One should understand that this book was published at the dawn of the Industrial Age. This was a time of great change, where people moved in from the country to the city, to provide manpower for new industries that have sprouted. Now, capitalism has risen, and with that, the notion that the rich will become richer permeated. It should also be noted that in 1859, Charles Darwin published the Origin of the Species which argued that species evolved to be better adapted for survival. Survival of the fittest ensued. Now the upper-class reacted to this idea by thinking that they are the better species, thus they are rich. This is Social Darwinism. How is Social Darwinism significant to The Time Machine? The book tackles the idea that the Eloi are the lithe, lazy but beautiful people. They are obviously an allegory to the rich. The Morlocks are the ones who work for the Eloi, they look horrible and they are mean. They live underground. It is also known that they eat the Eloi. They represent the working class. Now, this is a picture of two social classes exploiting each other, and it is set in the future. By that, Wells is actually warning the people the dangers of technology and wealth; how it would deepen the gap between the rich and the poor, and how it would affect the future and the lifestyles of the future inhabitants of the Earth. The book shows the rich have evolved into helpless humans and the poor have evolved into cannibals. It is a warning and a concrete example of Darwin’s theory of evolution. It should be noted that the Time Traveler is not called by his name at all. He is just that: Time Travele r. Why is the Time Traveler only being referred to as the Time Traveler? This is because the Time Traveler acts as a witness; a representative of the modern man to the future world. As the Eloi and the Morlocks find themselves separated by their classes in that world, the Time Traveler does not belong to any of those social classes. He can be anyone. He is an observer, and a scientist at that. Scientists should always be objective when making their posits, and by not assigning a proper identity, the Time Traveler maintains this position. The Time Traveler is also a passive person as he is only a visitor in the future. He knew there was a problem but he does not make any effort to fix it. His lack of name signifies the lack of identity and power to do things. He is on the sidelines, watching. Giving an identity to him by giving him a name will change the neutrality of the character, as well as his ambiguousness. Other characters do not have a name in the story as well. When the Time Traveler was explaining the Fourth Dimension, Wells introduced other characters as dinner guests. They are, among others, the provincial mayor, the medical man, the very young man, the psychologist etc. Only Filby has a name, and he is being described as the argumentative young man with red hair. Why the generic names? Well, firstly, it’s a style that H.G. Wells chose to employ throughout the book. The common names indicate

Reasearch Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reasearch Article - Essay Example Deaf children have special needs and they have to be educated with extra care and effort. It is usually observed that children with hearing impairment have major problem in phoneme production, syntax and vocabulary. The need of such children always varies according to the defect they have in their sensory organs and therefore educational activities has to be tailored according to it. It has been proved that inclusive classrooms are very beneficial to deaf children as it gives them better exposure. The article really emphasize on how non verbal communication play a vital role in the language development of these kids. The communication procedure and teaching strategies of the educational process of deaf children is the main subject of the article The article pin points those children with hearing impairment come three year later in studies than normal children. Research was practiced to prove the success of three methods of communication used in the education of deaf children. They are lip-reading, lip-reading and finger spelling, and lip-reading, finger spelling and signing. However, Lip-reading, finger spelling, and signing seems to be more effective to these students. This form of communication has shown eighty – six percent of success rate. The sign language is thus shown to increase the learning ability of the deaf kids. However Inclusive classrooms can have negative effect as the teacher uses more than one method to communicate to pupil. If the teacher uses both communication styles simultaneously children can be left in doubtful situation. The students who are hearing are less benefited from this kind of teaching as they are less delivered with information while teacher use sign language. Inclusive language has its merits and demerits as sign language benefit the deaf and can enhance their phonetic aspect while strong vocabulary use can confuse the student with hearing ability. the deaf

The Instructional Strategy for the Student Essay

The Instructional Strategy for the Student - Essay Example The disability in speech and language slows down his capability to comprehend sounds and language that he is able to listen (Speech and Language Disorders and Diseases, 2009).   I would use visuals and words to meet the needs of the speech and language disabled student. For instance, if I wanted to teach this student what a house was, I would show him the picture of a house with the word â€Å"house† written under the picture of the house. I would then proceed to break down the visual of the house to its various components such as the door, windows, walls, floor, etc. each with the respective words under them and show these visuals to the student until he has thoroughly understood them.   The speech and language disabled student will have some problems in understanding what he is being taught with pictures and words. However, he will soon master the art of identifying the house with the word â€Å"house† beneath the picture. Although he is speech and language disabled, he is not completely deaf and dumb. He is capable of producing sounds. He is also capable of recognizing the outlines in the pictures being shown to him.   The speech and language disabled student will have a problem with different languages. For instance, if I show him the picture of the house with the word â€Å"house† written below the picture in English, he will soon master the English language as well. However, if I used the words in other languages he may have to be taught all over again. In this case, it will be a challenge like the one experienced by a person learning a new language.   The strategy or activity chosen could be challenging because there is no guarantee that one strategy could work for all the speech and language disabled students. One strategy could work for one student, but for another student, I may have to use another strategy that may be successful only with the second student.

Innocent Until Proven Guilty: An Evaluation

Innocent Until Proven Guilty: An Evaluation This claim is very similar to that of Blackstones ratio, which simply states that it is better that ten guilty persons escape, than that one innocent suffer When taken at face value, it simply means that no one should be punished for any alleged crime, unless it can be proven that they are guilty. This is so that justice can be done, where no innocent should suffer for anothers crime. Although it sounds logical and fairly straight forward, before we agree with the claim, we should seek to understand each detail of the claim, where the claim implies, and the consequences of the eventuation of the claim. Interpretation and Analysis As discussed above, the general idea of the claim is that everyone is innocent until proven guilty. The claim implies that as long as there is any doubt, however insignificant, that a defendant is guilty, he should be released, lest he be unjustly incarcerated. By using the word incarcerated instead of using more specific words like imprison, it opens up several other possible meanings to the claim. The other possible meanings would be confinement or, in other words, placed under detention. The claim also failed to specify the time frame, so it is also implying that innocent persons should not be unjustly incarcerated, even for the shortest period of time. In this context, it can be linked to that of Australias detention orders under the anti terrorism law, which allows a person to be detained for 24 hours, with the option for the order to be extended for a total period not exceeding 48 hours. This, in itself, is controversial, as it is said to infringe the personal rights of liberty of individuals. Sadly, a world where no innocents are unjustly punished is a utopian one. Indeed, it is the ideal scenario when only the guilty is punished, and the innocent walks free. That is what the justice system is about. However, this is not always the case, and there is always a possibility that an innocent person is found guilty. An example of such a case would be DOrta-Ekenaike v Victorian Legal Aid, when the plaintiff was unjustly convicted due to bad legal advice given by the Victorian Legal Aid  [2]  . In fact, in many criminal cases, there is always a small chance that, however ridiculous the argument or explanation the defence puts up, it could be actually true, and that the defendant is truly innocent. Therefore, in order to ensure that truly no innocent is punished by mistake, the defendant must be allowed to go free in such cases, no matter how probable that he is guilty of the accused crime. This is the exact scenario which the claim seems to suggest at face value, where it is better that fifty guilty persons walk free than a single innocent person be unjustly incarcerated, and this might lead to the breakdown of the justice system, when the accused would simply conjure up some story to use as defence in court, hence raising doubt about their guilt, so that they would get acquitted. The claim also failed to mention the type of crime which the fifty persons allowed to walk free were guilty of. The scenario the claim suggests might be within limits which are reasonable if it is for relatively minor offences such as littering or parking offences, but it is an entirely different story if the crimes of the fifty guilty people include serious offences such as murder. This raises the question on whether it is worth the personal rights of the person, to uphold justice for this one innocent person, and in turn, opening up the possibility that fifty violent psychopaths being allowed to walk free to wreak havoc in society. Even if it is argued that it is not necessary that all fifty people are those guilty of serious crimes, the damage that even just one serial murderer can do is very significant. We just cannot afford to let one serial murderer walk free, much less fifty, for the stability and peace within our society. In light of the terrorist acts on the September 11, 2001, as well as the subsequent acts of terror around the world, it raises another problem to the claim. The damage that a single terrorist could wreak in our society could possibly be beyond what many of us can imagine. Even if just one of the hypothetical guilty people who are released is a terrorist, much less fifty, there would be serious implications to our society as a whole. The terrorist, with an agenda to create as much terror as he can, could detonate bombs in crowded areas like what happened in the Bali bombings, go on a shooting spree or even disrupt important conferences which involves world leaders. Not only will these result in loss of numerous lives, it will also tarnish the nations reputation in the eyes of other countries, especially if it involved the leaders of other nations, and this, in turn would have negative economic consequences, an example being the decline in the number of tourists. Therefore, in these times of turmoil and terror, perhaps, if the incarceration, be it temporary or permanent, of one innocent along with the fifty guilty people would be the key factor in preventing a terrorist attacks which would possibly result in numerous loss of lives, perhaps, ignoring the personal rights of the individual, it is the better alternative than letting all of them walk free, with possibly disastrous consequences. Evaluation and Inference The claim can be related to many of the theories we have learnt in the course, the most prominent one being liberalism, which is linked to human rights. It also can be related to the theory of natural law, as well as utilitarianism, which focuses more on the morals of the consequences rather than that of the action itself. From the natural law point of view, which focuses on the ethics of ones actions rather than the consequences, the laws of the state which goes against the values set out in Gods law, or based on principles of justice, are morally wrong. Laws made by the state should follow the set of values, or they would not be just law. Some things are just plain morally wrong, such as the wartime atrocities under the German law, and most people, if not all, would agree. The punishment of an innocent individual, as suggested by the claim, although nowhere as serious as the former, is still morally wrong in the eyes of most people. It is even stated in the Bible in Genesis 18:23-32 that God would not punish the innocent, and that if ten innocent and just people are found within the city, God would not destroy the city for their sake.  [3]  Therefore it can be said that in the eyes of natural law, the claim is perfectly just, and that laws made by the state should adhere to the principles laid do wn by the claim. From the liberalism point of view, which emphasises on individual rights, the unjust incarceration of an individual, regardless of the duration, would be an infringement of the rights of the individual. In fact, by the incarceration of the individual, it already goes against a number of rights listed in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, examples being Article 11, where everyone is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty, and Article 13, where everyone has freedom of movement within the boundaries of each state.  [4]  These are fundamental human rights which everyone is presumed to have, and it can be disturbing to suggest that some of this rights are being violated in a first world country, such as Australia. Examples would be the preventive detention order, control orders as well as questioning warrants in Australia, where individuals, in some cases even those without suspicion, may be detained for questioning.  [5]   However, the two perspectives mentioned above does not take into account the consequences of the actions. From the utilitarianism point of view, the most moral action would be the one which would benefit the most number of people in the end, instead of focusing on the morality of the act itself. This could be seen as for the benefit of communal wellbeing, which brings about the commonly heard phrase for the greater good. If by detaining the group of people, inclusive of the fifty guilty people as well as one innocent person, and as a result, terrorist attacks could be avoided, then in the eyes of the utilitarian, it is the act that is the most moral. In fact, by the very same Universal declaration of rights mentioned earlier, it is mentioned in Article 2 that Everyone has the right to security of the person.  [6]  Since in this scenario, it is impossible to be entitled to all the rights listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is ultimately better to choose the out come which end up benefiting the most people. Since somebody is going to suffer in the end, it might as well be that innocent individual, rather than the whole of society being affected as a result. Of course, some people might point out the individual rights of the hypothetical innocent person. and the justification for the incarceration. They might even enquire how is it even permissible that the innocent can be incarcerated even without being proven that he is guilty. However, looking back in time, when man first came together to form society, they had to give up part of their liberty in exchange for stability when they had to follow the law, so that they are able to live peacefully in turn. In light of the terrorist attacks, each of us should be prepared to give up a bit more of our rights, so that we are able to have the peace of mind and live in security. It is due to the nature of the terrorist attacks, which we have to take extra precautions, as there can be almost no warning when a terrorist will strike, and when it does happen, the damage would be massive. It is not always possible to find sufficient evidence in time to detain the suspected terrorists, and new anti ter rorism laws had to be introduced to allow the detention of suspected terrorists without the need for evidence, and it is inevitable that innocents would be detained by mistake as well. This is further justified, when Australia is near the top of the terrorists hit list, and the danger of such attacks occurring in the country is very real indeed.  [7]  The possibility of being incarcerated by mistake, along with the actual guilty people is a risk we must be all be prepared to take, so that we can enjoy continued peace. Reflection When I first started working on the essay, my original intention was to write revolving around the issue of human rights. I actually intended to write in support for the human rights of the innocent individual, as in reality, no reasonable person would want to be put under detention even without being proven to be guilty. This, I believe, would be the more popular mindset, and the more popular perspective. It is also one of the reasons why I chose to study law, which is to fight for the rights of others, and for a small duration of time, I was focused on planning my essay argument solely towards that direction. Although I am not a fan of the utilitarian perspective, being from a Christian background and having the beliefs that the morality is all about the actions of the individual, throughout the course of planning and writing the essay I have realised that the consequences of the scenario suggested by the claim are also extremely important, and a balance has to be struck between the morality of the action and that of the consequences. Having held leadership appointments in the Singapore Armed Forces, I also understand that some measures, although harsh and unpopular, are necessary for the security and wellbeing of the society. This has also helped me to understand that the threat of terrorism is very real, and that the peace we are living in now should not be taken for granted. This essay has also revealed myself as a open-minded individual, as I was willing to reconsider my own views and beliefs throughout the course of writing this essay. The essay also revealed showed that I am courageous, by challenging the viewpoints which are commonly taken for granted, as well as taking up an unorthodox perspective. Conclusion Therefore, perhaps in these times of terror, and with Australia running the real risk of being hit by terrorist attacks, letting fifty people go free so that no innocents are incarcerated would be inappropriate. Although I support the laws allowing individuals to be detained even without being proved to be guilty due to the sheer necessity, I believe that the authorities should show discretion in doing so and not abuse the power it provides. This is after all, a delicate balance between human rights and the communal wellbeing of the society.